Diversity in Three Voices - 701 Words

Diversity in Three Voices Scientist When working with individuals from different cultures, individuals informally learn the differences that exist between them and their respective cultures (DeCenzo Silhanek, 2001, p. 29). Often the word â€Å"diversity† is confused with political correctness or human equality but it is the understanding of differences between people and how they interact. Diversity is defined as the quality of being different but composed of distinct elements or qualities (Parvis, 2005, p. 15). Throughout history the United States has been known as the â€Å"melting pot,† but this concept was a perception not a reality because the melting pot ended up benefiting only white, prominent settlers. Looking at diversity is observing differences and there are a lot of them. For example, male versus female, religion versus no religion, homosexual versus heterosexual, foreign or domestic, republican versus democrat, Caucasian versus African American, Mexican versus Latino, Cherokee Indian versus Choctaw Indian, poor versus rich; and differences could encompass several more pages. We can deny that differences exist or we can consent to differences while discovering from others the assets of dissimilarity. People must learn, therefore, to recognize differences in others – their backgrounds, customs, and work schedules – and appreciate, even celebrate, those differences (DeCenzo Silhanek, 2001, p. 29). Artist When it is blatantly obvious that you don’t fit it withShow MoreRelatedManaging A Diverse Workforce1716 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough there is an improvement in the diversity in the workforce, there is still room for change. Businesses have made many changes to help enforce the laws that were passed regarding diversity in the workforce. Women have been integrated into the workforce and there also have been many immigrants from other countries that have been given a new start to the workforce in the United States. Laws of equal opportunity have been made to help increase the workforce diversity. The goal for full equality of womenRead MoreThe Cia ( Central Intelligence Agency1595 Words   |  7 Pagespresident and policy maker Summary of company diversity plan The CIA understands that to run an Intelligence agency nationally it is necessary to have very broad perspectives which come from diversity of thought, ethnicities, backgrounds, and experiences. The CIA seeks to embrace diversity through an inclusive environment, valuing new ideas, insights and innovation. The agency has formulated a 3 year strategy of diversity and inclusion where every voice is valued, respected and heard. UnderstandingRead MoreDavid A. Thomas and Robin J. Elys Three Paradigms of Diversity756 Words   |  4 Pages1. David A. Thomas and Robin J. Elys three paradigms of diversity focuses on: (1) discrimination and fairness, (2) access and legitimacy, and (3) learning and effectiveness paradigm as shown. Most people assume that workplace diversity is about increasing racial, national, gender, or class representation - in other words, recruiting and retaining more people from traditionally underrepresented identity group. [1] This is true for both discrimination and fairness and access and legitimacyRead MoreWas America Founded as a Christian Nation?927 Words   |  4 Pagesthe state means that the judicial structure of America, as a newborn nation, could not have been founded solely on Christian principles. America, even in its first years to exist as a nation, presented a large amount of religious diversity. Due to the amount of diversity throughout the population during the late 1700s to early 1800s, I believe America had established itself as a religiously diverse nation at the time it was founded. The Europeans brought over ties to the Catholic church, ProtestantsRead MoreEssay about Mgmt 591 Woodson Coalition Week 3 Case Study 1948 Words   |  4 Pageswhat needs to be done to solve the problems of truancy, low student performance and crime, as well as how to create an after school program effectively with the support of three different organizations. Part 2: Problem Identification The primary problem that is causing much strife in this case is disagreement between the three organizations level of involvement, power over decision making, and outcomes of the after-school program. The school district wants the after-school program to be in lineRead MoreAncient Greek Vs. Medieval Theater1154 Words   |  5 Pagescommunicating more voices can be heard. This saturates the post-modern era with different ideals, almost to the point of seeming fractured. That is not the case though; the increasing number of different beliefs is a post-modern belief in itself. The large sum of differentiating beliefs perpetuates one unanimous post-modern belief. This is the belief and value of diversity. The post-modern culture, because of all of the differing ideals, values people expressing and trying to learn from the diversity. ThoughRead MoreChapter 7 Of The Textbook Diversity Consciousness847 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 7 Teamwork: Obstacles to Teamwork In chapter 7 of the textbook Diversity Consciousness, Butcher reports there are some barriers to teamwork. Some of these obstacles can stem from the individual member or members way of acting or thinking outside of the team or group setting. The obstacles that teams may occur could potentially detract the team from having cohesion, and hinders its productivity. Butcher give s eight examples these obstacles. Examples: Unequal distribution of power- not havingRead MoreTechnology And The World Wide Web Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment. Instead today’s education is only preparing them for a Taylorized industrial age labor market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Davidson poses a new paradigm for the way we perceive modern education. She introduces three principles that are used in open source media that applicable to higher education. The three principles that online platforms support are, 1) an openness of contribution, 2) elimination of boundaries, and 3) voluntarism in the distribution of knowledge. An openness of contribution of knowledgeRead MoreInformative Speech Topages And Disadvantages Of Cultural Diversity In The Workplace925 Words   |  4 PagesComs 1030 Title of speech: Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Specific Purpose: My audience will be able to understand the advantages and disadvantages of cultural diversity in the workplace. Thesis: Introduction: I. Attention Getter At some point in time we have all been in a position where we were uncomfortable in a new setting, cultural diversity is presented in everyday life; whether you’re at a new university or starting a new job. Cultural diversity is becoming more common in the workRead MoreThe Concept Of Pain And The Nurse1286 Words   |  6 Pagesor reduce pain they must be considered. Reducing anxiety and pain for a patient during a procedure should be of great importance to the nurse. As explored by Swan and Lamdin (2011) there is three methods that if addressed can assist in altering the experience for the patient during a procedure. These three methods include pharmalogical, technical and interpersonal reaction. Pharmalogical techniques include sedation and local/topical aesthetic. These elements assist by numbing or removing the sensation

BYOD Meets Big Data - 1210 Words

Cairney, T. D., Mooney, J. L., Parham, A. G. (2015). When BYOD meets big data. Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance, 21-27. On large scale technology is used to support the teaching and learning process. The basic purpose of this system is to facilitate the students teachers, to support the students teachers and enhance the abilities of the students teachers. In teaching, learning process technology helps for extending the research and reach of the students teachers. On university or organization level the data collected was not relevant and most of the data was discarded by the organization. On the university level and in an organization the numbers of students are increasing and usage of the mobile devices and other†¦show more content†¦Dawson, P. (2016). Five ways to hack and cheat with bring your own device. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(4), 592-600. In this article, the writer has talked about the new type of assessment called BYOD e-exam that is bring-your-own-device electronic examination that the educational institutes are using now a day. In this assessment instead of using exam papers students are allowed to bring their own laptops and sit an in-person exam but under the invigilated conditions. However special soft wares are used to restrict the access of the students to the prohibited files and functions of the computer and access is provided to the allowed resources only. This BYOD e-exam works on the decade-old security principle of the computer that is the security of the software depends upon the hardware security. Although the maximum level of security is ensured however the complete protection of integrity is not ensured yet. Herro, D., Kiger, D. (2015). Bring your own device: Parental Guidance (PG). Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 59 (5), 51-61. In this article, the writer has shed lights on the two ways impacts of bringing your own devices to the educational institutes. The writer has said that it is very beneficial for the student as the teachers allow them to use their devices in theShow MoreRelatedSoftware Applications And Hardware Systems1660 Words   |  7 Pagespreviously to outsource teams to maintain routine information technology operations, data storage and backup. Now companies can focus on core operations and hire more workers in the fields of design and development. Google Docs is an example of cloud computing allowing several users to work together on a single document in real-time. Virtualization has reduced the overall equipment footprint of a company’s data center. This means, fewer servers, less networking equipment, hence less physical spaceRead MoreNetwork Access Control : Security Solutions For Healthcare Organizations That Control Byod And Mobile Access Can Reduce Breaches1281 Words   |  6 PagesHow Healthcare Organizations that Control BYOD Mobile Access can Reduce Breaches †¢ How Healthcare Organizations can Secure Endpoint devices and Reduce HIPAA Breaches †¢ Endpoint Security Solutions for Healthcare Organizations SH: Network Access Control Automated Threat Response can prevent HIPAA breaches The number of HIPAA breaches is on the rise as hackers continue to focus on the target-rich healthcare environment. In 2016 the number of healthcare data breaches that involved more than 500 recordsRead MoreTerm Usage Of Cloud Computing Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pages Terms 1. BYOD - Bring Your Own Device Term usage: BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) is an authorized exercise which is given to employees of a company or an organization to use their own smartphones, tablets, laptops or any other devices for work purposes. 2. Cloud computing Term usage: Cloud computing is an application of utilizing a network of remote servers which is organized on the internet to store, control or manage and process the data, comparatively than a personal computerRead MoreNetworking : The Future Of Networking Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesto come include; data, the internet, telecommuting and e-commerce. The increase in online access is going to increase access to information and online services. For this reason, various organizations will be forced to integrate their current disjointed networks into a single formidable, multi-service network. This type of network will enhance efficiency by carrying and directing network traffic to provide integrated services while sharing the operating cost with the consumers. Data, on the other handRead MoreHow Big Data Impact On Enterprise Data Governance And Security1726 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Big Data impact on Enterprise Data Governance and Security Introduction: Big data is nothing but collecting of datasets. Organizations in current world demands data to be broken down which can used to get more high effectiveness and benefit. Big data refers to the large amounts of data which collected from various devices such as mobiles, sensors and social media etc. Generally, large amount of data have been regenerating by IT industry such as satellite data, mobile devices and etc. Read MoreCase Study : Data Global Delivery Services1322 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper I am going to share my last company NTT DATA GLOBAL DELIVERY SERVICES LTD’s tactics, strategies, operations and management and its usage of analytics in the global market to achieve its goals. In this competitive world, many of the former industry’s strategic alternatives are no longer viable or likely to be successful. Today, there are few regulated monopolies, or companies with unique geographical access. Proprietary technologies are rapidly copied by competitors, and breakthroughRead MoreSamsung Strategic Management5130 Words   |  21 Pagescreate something similar to another company product – but it makes it better, faster and at lower cost. What is Enterprise market? In business news- the meaning of Enterprise Market is commercial user –from small and medium business and the big target market segmentation –large corporation. Samsung strategy is already tapping this segmentation from Automotive, Healthcare institution, public sector, retails and transportation. E-mail is important for today’s business. This is the way to communicateRead MoreTelecommunications of Tomorrow1300 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology we use to interact with one another will consistently evolved to better fit the standards of the industry and to acknowledge the creation of new projects that could re-invent how communications are being established. What might be the next big thing? Technical Innovations comes with great benefits, it has led us to continue to step beyond what anyone can achieve and take it one step further to bring out the best-of-the-best inventions of today. This brings us to talk about what the futureRead MoreVirtualization Analysis : Virtualization And Virtualization2990 Words   |  12 Pagescompany in virtualization whose product is called the vSphere. Citrix, they were once the only company of application virtualization. However, it now owns the world’s most used cloud software called XenServer. Oracle bought Sun Microsystems to make it a big player in the virtualization world. Oracle’s product is called Solaris Zones. Microsoft has the only non-Linux hypervisor which is called the Hyper-V. Lastly Red Hat bought Qumranet to enter the virtualization market. Red Hat’s product is called SpiceRead MoreWhat Are The Most Important Business Issues And Goals For Pharm Universe?1969 Words   |  8 PagesPharm Universe Case 1. What are the most important business issues and goals for Pharm Universe? Ans. Pharm Universe was founded nine years ago and is a relative newcomer to the pharmacy industry. It basically is just like a kid trying to make big in the Major league and is learning the rules of the games as it evolves and has a lot to learn. In the case of Information Security Pharm Universe has a lot of ground to cover, especially when Industrial espionage is common in the pharmaceutical industry

Organizing and Economizing Connecting Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Organizing and Economizing for Connecting Accounting. Answer: Introduction In 1970 there was a hair-bringing change up in the best way to deal with oversee bookkeeping research. Two or three reasons have been recommended for this alter in methodological course by those inquiring about the change of bookkeeping thought. To different, a basic refinement is an alteration in course far from endeavors to bolster a hypothesis of bookkeeping to making theory from a depiction of surviving practices. (Chambers, 2014) To promoters of the last stated, past endeavors to build up a hypothesis of bookkeeping were futile as there would never be understanding over gigantic bits of the duties to a theory, for example, the guesses, rules yet most particularly the questions. Notwithstanding the way that a to an incredible degree wrong delineation the two frameworks are stamped controlling and positive. (Ball, 2013) Positive bookkeeping can be related with the true blue perspective of the firm. And the firm is seen as course of action of understandings and bookkeeping one instrument to enable the progression and execution of activity. Accordingly, bookkeeping rehearses advance to direct contracting costs by working up activity occurs before the events among moving get-togethers. For instance, positive bookkeeping surmises that conservatism in bookkeeping in this sense depicted restrictively as requiring lower (higher) models of certain nature to see misfortunes (gains) has beginning in contract markets, including administrative remuneration contracts and contracts for bank duty. For instance, missing conservatism, definitive pay activities may repay manager in context of current reports that later assertion shows were anomalous.(Grabe, 2014) The truly limiting perspective of positive bookkeeping places it in weight with respect importance investigates in bookkeeping: the last battle that bookkeeping's fundamental part is to respect the firm, and along these lines rehearses like conservatism are dangerous. The respect noteworthiness school underscores the advantage of bookkeeping data to regard cash related specialists rather than its support in contracting works out Positive bookkeeping hypothesis (PAT) is an announcement of neo-ordinary cash related hypothesis. Squeezing to it, is a trust in sensible choice hypothesis. That is, relevant self-interest for the most part prescribed according to starting behavior - is the start of all budgetary progression. Along these lines, for the choice of accounting methods of insight and systems and approach PTA self- interest is initial reasons. In PAT the firm is depicted additionally as a social affair of different activities a nexus of understandings. Contracts are fundamental reviewing a complete focus to make them filter for individuals to agree to take an interest. Notwithstanding, there will contract costs related with the different activities, for instance, costs of managing along with seeing the course of action of the gatherings included and PAT holds those affiliations which will need to restrain the costs of contracting and this will influence the courses of action understood, including the acc ounting structures. (Crawford, 2013) There is a capability among individual having positive and positive yet positive speculations are unmistakably a sort of positivist evaluating. Accordingly, PAT holds to the greater part of the essentials of positivism. In like way, the motivation behind assessing is examination, depiction, clarification and control (seek). There are three theories around which PAT's goals are managed, viz, the reward plan theory, the dedication promise speculation and the political cost theory. (Minnis, 2017) The reward compose theory recommends that chiefs of firms will probably pick bookkeeping strategies that move revealed getting from future periods to the present time distribution. To welcome the need for this hypothesis, observe that one of the theories essential positive bookkeeping examination is office theory. (Unegbu, 2014) PAT doesn't enhance familiarize frameworks or lead us with redesigned techniques. The present recorded cost reason behind estimation of points of interest is perilous by virtue of a nonappearance of 'additivity', yet PAT disregards these issues. In a general sense, it legitimizes the issues of the most ideal accounting rules (GAAP) while never trying to settle them and this in itself is not commendable PAT can't be judged as being beneficial on the present of its premises. They all have deficiencies in no shy of what one regard and when amassed to packaging PAT they pass on a theory that looks to some degree like anything that can be related with honest to goodness conditions. The essential regard in which PAT has been beneficial has been in the extent of spread and research and the elucidations behind this lie more with hypothesis than credibility. The premises of PAT are by all record by all record by all account not the only things that have been explored by engaging inspectors. Separates in judiciousness and research emotions have besides added to the open considering as to its prospering. Theoretical Framework Positive Accounting Theory has been the basic research point of view of the 1980's and 1990's however ensuing to analyzing PAT this persuades the chance to be something of an inquisitive ponder. This leads us to survey particular illuminations behind PATs ubiquity. The positive/observational viewpoint found the opportunity to be especially standard around a tantamount time that new age preservationist governments were picked in the USA and the UK. An association can subsequently be made between the ascending of governments controlled by speculations based around deregulation and 'little government' and a bookkeeping hypothesis that fights a tantamount point. It is in like way conceivable that schools in the USA that favored viewpoint from corporate financing were driving bookkeeping research as a mechanical get together to move the deregulation question that structures the establishment of Positive Accounting Theory. This construes the irrefutable accomplishment of PAT in the 'inquire about advance' has little to do with the focal points or significance of PAT, and altogether more to do with its ideological question that shield the drive of the general population who in a ma tter of seconds hold capital. The general population who remain to get the prizes of a deregulated government have as needs be "got" the bookkeeping research headway to adulate and legitimize their position. The wise viewpoint holds the opinions that manager, who are specialists to the central, show to their personal interests. And they just get bookkeeping approaches that permit them to get, in the view that the firm in like way gets. Unmistakable sorts of theory exist, for example, political cost, repay plan and duty speculation that show what perspectives make the heads pick one bookkeeping system over another. Organization pay theory The organization pay hypothesis communicates that boss who have bookkeeping propelling strengths, or payment of them is attach with the organization's bookkeeping execution which will move to control the system of accounting and figures to exhibit the bookkeeping execution and it must be satisfactory than anything. For instance, chiefs using differing debasement procedure allowing lower benefits toward the start and higher advantages towards the end. More prepared executives will tend to slight any inventive work costs since it will cut down force year benefits impacting their compensation. The political cost theory expect that affiliations will tend to show their favorable circumstances bring around utilizing varying bookkeeping methodologies and systems so that the firm does not pull in the possibility of government experts, who will have an eye on high preferred standpoint associations. Permitting lower benefits arranges away any idea by people overall and the eyes of the association who will put higher control on high getting firms. The dedication/regard speculation conveys that officials will tend to show better preferences (like the reward compose/association remuneration hypothesis) with the purpose of having a superior execution and liquidity position than pay the intrigue and important of the dedication they have assembled in the business. The higher the dedication/regard level the more probable it is that the supervisor will tend to utilize bookkeeping techniques and systems in amplifying bookkeeping advantage. Centrality and Limitation It is not respect free since it just explains and predicts what individuals may do, expelling absolutely on what they ought to do. (Rihfenti Ernayani SE, 2015) It doesn't give any cure, it doesn't state what should happen, rather lights up and predicts what may happen, which is the reason for positive bookkeeping hypothesis and this is deficient.(Bull, 2014) It recognize that each boss' (genius) and proprietor's (principal) practices have a self-intrigue perspective, with the fundamental focus of developing their own riches without considering any foreboding impacts. (Li, 2015) Right when Positive Accounting Theory was at first made in the 1970's it relied on upon three hypotheses, the commitment hypothesis, the reward form hypothesis and the political cost hypothesis. Since this period however there have been no augmentations to these three, nor has there been any advance or development of them. In any case, much research has been played out all through the 1980-90's PAT has remained tough in its development and this has possibly prompted to the present reduction in essentialness for PAT. It has battle that PAT doesn't have any potential for future advance and that it will continue uncertainly in its present edge with no new thoughts. This nonattendance of advance and PATs late decreasing in research are firm conflicts that PAT will be respected a blunder in the light of learning of the past. (Broadbent, 2013) The essential defect that can be found with a start of PAT is that of money related matters and its dependence on the hypothetical flawless market. An impeccable market depends on upon immaculate data and no exchange costs. This perspective discovers issues since "bookkeeping exists in context of exchange expenses". It is in like way hard to envision concordance for data when bookkeeping data adds to this modify. Watts and Zimmerman also say that bearing and political expenses barge in with the operation of perfect markets. In saying this they are adequately yielding that immaculate markets don't exist as they require the takeoff obviously to help with the workable task of advantages.(Freeman III, 2014) Conclusions PAT is in a general sense a hazardous situation of various hypotheses that has been used as vehicle to push the free market conviction structure that has summoned the political and research program. Starting late PAT has been running out vitality to the degree period and this is perhaps demonstrating that PAT was a general shape that has had its time and has now been racked for more sensible and unfaltering exploration openings. (Abbadi, 2016) Where there are weights to report bring down benefits, selection of the revaluation display gives extent of higher devaluation accuses of increments in the estimation of non-current resources not influencing the pay proclamation. With lower detailed benefit and a higher resource/value base, any judgment made by looking into proportion, for example, rate of profit for resources or value will bring about the element being found in a less ideal light. (Oulasvirta, 2014) Thusly, Positive Accounting Theory tries to make awesome desires of genuine events and make a translation of them to accounting trades and predict (Truelove, 2014) Activities, for example, which bookkeeping approaches firms will pick How firms will respond to recently proposed bookkeeping models Under PAT, firms need to augment their prospects for survival, so they sort out themselves effectively. Firms are seen as the aggregation of the agreements they have gone into. (Christensen, 2016) In association with PAT, in light of the way that there is an ought to be viable, the firm should confine costs related with contracts. Instances of assertion, costs are exchange, renegotiation, and watching costs. Contract costs incorporate accounting components as contracts can be stipulated the extent that accounting information, for instance, net pay, and budgetary extents. The firm will pick the accounting methodologies that best perceive the prerequisite for minimization of understanding costs. PAT sees that changing conditions oblige boss to have flexibility in picking accounting plans. This presents the issue of "sharp direct". This happens when the exercises of organization are to better their own one of a kind points of interest.(Miller, 2013) References List Abbadi, S. S., Hijazi, Q. F., Al-Rahahleh, A. S. (2016). Corporate governance quality and earnings management: Evidence from Jordan.Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal,10(2), 54. Ball, R., Kothari, S. P., Nikolaev, V. V. (2013). Econometrics of the Basu asymmetric timeliness coefficient and accounting conservatism.Journal of Accounting Research,51(5), 1071-1097. Broadbent, J., Laughlin, R. (2013).Accounting control and controlling accounting: Interdisciplinary and critical perspectives. Emerald Group Publishing. Bull, R. J. (2014).Accounting in business. Butterworth-Heinemann. Chambers, R. L. (Ed.). (2014).An accounting thesaurus: 500 years of accounting. Elsevier. Christensen, H. B., Nikolaev, V. V., Wittenberg?Moerman, R. (2016). Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), 397-435. Crawford, E. R., Lepine, J. A. (2013). A configural theory of team processes: Accounting for the structure of taskwork and teamwork.Academy of Management Review,38(1), 32-48. Freeman III, A. M., Herriges, J. A., Kling, C. L. (2014).The measurement of environmental and resource values: theory and methods. Routledge. Grabe, W., Kaplan, R. B. (2014).Theory and practice of writing: An applied linguistic perspective. Routledge. Li, X. (2015). Accounting conservatism and the cost of capital: An international analysis.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,42(5-6), 555-582. Miller, P., Power, M. (2013). Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 557-605. Minnis, M., Sutherland, A. (2017). Financial statements as monitoring mechanisms: Evidence from small commercial loans.Journal of Accounting Research,55(1), 197-233. Oulasvirta, L. O. (2014). Governmental financial accounting and European harmonisation: Case study of Finland.Accounting, Economics and Law,4(3), 237-263. Rihfenti Ernayani SE, M., Intan Oviantari, S. E., Ak, M. (2015, January). Effect of Litigation, Taxes and Political Cost, and Debt Covenant of Accounting Conservatism. InInternational Conference on Accounting and Finance (AT). Proceedings(p. 135). Global Science and Technology Forum. Truelove, H. B., Carrico, A. R., Weber, E. U., Raimi, K. T., Vandenbergh, M. P. (2014). Positive and negative spillover of pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and theoretical framework.Global Environmental Change,29, 127-138. Unegbu, A. O. (2014). Theories of Accounting: Evolution Developments, Income-Determination and Diversities in Use.arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.4633.

Evidence From Cornell Hospitality Quarterly -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Evidence From Cornell Hospitality Quarterly? Answer: Introduction The main purpose of hospitality industry is to ensure customer satisfaction. The term hospitality means offering a friendly and grand welcome of the guests by their respective hosts. According to certain scholars, the term hospitality can be defined in various forms. It may be termed as demonstration of continuous excellence to the guests. While other researches suggests that hospitality is an act of providing care, joy and smiles to the tourists (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). There are number of theories that define hospitality in different manners. Some of the theories suggest that hospitality is the means of providing the basic amenities to the guests. The concept of hospitality in hotel marketing is on hype these days (refer to appendix 8). The report draws a light on the commercialization of hospitality. Apart from this, the report also discusses the way hotel companies use the term home for propagating their business. Discussion The Rhino Residency Resort provides all the luxury and amenities that a traveller could wish. Located in the midst of a wildlife national park in Kathmandu, this place serves as a perfect holiday destination for nature lovers. The resort has an excellent hospitality approach for their guests. The resort is known for its best cuisine, ambience, and well-trained hotel staffs. The business strategy of this resort is to ensure excellent guest satisfaction, which in turn will improve their market. Considering the hospitality aspect, this place never fails to amaze the tourists. The resort aims to attract tourists of all age groups. The place offers several cultural programs to create a soothing atmosphere for the guests, forest excursion trips for the adventure enthusiasts, gaming zone for the sports lover. Other than attracting the tourists, the place also serves a perfect place for business meet up. The resort has a well-built conference rooms so that they can host business meetings and office parties (Resort 2018). The concept of home away from home At the present date, the hotel companies try to provide home like environment to the guests in tenure of their hotel stay. The hotel companies well implemented the concept of home away from home in order to attract more and more tourists and guests. The hotels these days try to adopt various measures in order to create homely atmosphere. Often it is found that the after a long travel hours, one is bound to face stress, jet lag, or suffer from inadequate sleep and this can add up to a more unfamiliar situation if the hotel stay is not well maintained. One may feel a huge void missing their home. In such a case, ensuring home like environment by the hotel authorities will definitely be an icing on a cake for their marketing policies. How to provide a home like experience Several measures can be adopted to create a home like hotel room (refer to appendix 7). The following points will highlight some of the design measures and the ideas that can be incorporated to create a more home like environment in hotel rooms- The main goal of the hotels should be to provide a feeling of comfort to their guests. Designs and decorations portraying a work of immense handicrafts is highly recommendable, a fireplace to relax, well designed curtains justifying the room environment, soothing music of the guests choice can add up to create a mesmerizing stay for the guest. A technology-proof room is sure to provide more comfort and easy stay. The automatic control of the air conditioning, window shutters, lighting and TV with the help of smart phones can ensure a comfortable environment in the tenure of the stay (Molina 2014). Apart from these, self-helping tools such as tablets or laptops can be provided in the room for the guest in order to serve their personal uses. In general, more greenery surroundings amidst the room are encouraged. Natural lighting through large window blinds, natural flowers in the balcony, native fruits plants are some of the trends that a hotels can incorporate to create a healthy and greenery stay for their guests. Ensuring a green stay will provide an atmosphere of serenity as well as home like environment for the guests. Integration of indoor-outdoor environment in a room can be implemented in order to create a sensory experience for the guest. Decorations in the form of stone engravings and wooden sculpture, showpieces of waterfall, greenery pots are some of the examples of the elements that can successfully create an environment that can reduce stress and prove to provide a relaxing surrounding for the traveller (Li, Ye and Law 2013). Ensuring the tourists health and wellness is another aspect of providing a homely environment to the guests. Considering this aspect, hotel companies these days can focus much more on hiring medical stuffs such as nutritionists, physiotherapists, nurses and other health experts. Yoga classes, meditation hall can highly encourage a guests stay for a longer period (Smith and Puczk 2014). How the home away from home concept can help build market It is observed that, by the end of the year 2018, the hospitality industry is assumed to attain a growth of 5-6 percent. This can break the world record of $170 billion in the hospitality industry. The new trends in hospitality have been instrumental in achieving this growth. In October 2017, the average daily rate of hotel bookings were +2.4 percent. According to certain industrial analysts, the growth of this sector has proved to be a cycle. The downfall of the cycles was observed in the year 2010 but as the scholars predict 2018 will experience a magnificent growth in this sector (Crdenas-Garca et al. 2017). As for example, by the end of 2017, the city of New York there has experienced an increase in the number of hotel properties from 55 to 634 (Mohammed et al. 2015).Apart from applying the strategies like creating home like environment, the hotel companies are also focussing providing a healthy environment ensuring the guests physical and mental wellness. Other than that, the in corporation of technology in the hospitality industry is also instrumental for the business growth in the hospitality sector. As per certain reports, it is predicted that if the present trends continue the industry can earn revenue of $183 billion by the end of 2020 (Salvioni 2016). Some of the world famous hotel groups There are number of hotel groups that are implementing this concept of creating home like environment and in the process, they have been successful to create their presence in the worldwide market. The following are some of the hotels that have set exemplary destination goals for the tourists- Airbnb One of the world famous American companies, Airbnb have made travelling across the world simpler. Airbnb gives an opportunity to their customers to explore their travel diaries by creating a homely stay for their guests. In order to host their guests Airbnb provides lodging in a residence. Travellers have well accepted this idea of Airbnb as this provides them with home like atmosphere in their holiday destination. Airbnb have successfully created travelling goals for their guests. It provides doorstep solution to traveller the only detail the traveller is required to update the company is there travelling time, destination and about the number of guests. At present, the Airbnb extends services to 191 countries. Apart from all these, Airbnb also provides themed residencies as per the demand of their guests. Cave house type hotel rooms, bamboo cottage, hotels on a setup of organic firms are some of the airbnb innovations (Zervas et al. 2017). Airbnb initiatives have created dr eam destinations for their tourists. (Refer to appendix 1) Accor hotels The performance of this hotel groups is boosting up from the past 50 years. The hotels expertise to treat their guests is beyond appreciation. It has not only shown innovation in the field of room dcor but also in providing technological proof business and rooms. Accor hotels have established their presence in 95 countries all over the world and total number of hotels under Accor group is 41,000 (Accorhotels.com 2018). (Refer to appendix 2) Four seasons hotel- A Canadian origin hotel group, this hotel company chain have proved its worth over the years by providing quality services and gaining visitors satisfaction. This brand has its presence worldwide, at present there are more than 100 locations under its brand name. Several reports suggest that each of the 100 locations is well known for the excellent hospitality they provide to the tourists (Fourseasons.com 2018). (Refer to appendix 3) Starwood hotels The hotels and resorts under this brand is one of the most luxurious and stylish hotel rooms. As per certain reports, it is found that the revenue gain of this hotel chain is around $5.62 billion. The number of hotels under Starwood hotel chain is widespread in more than 100 countries at present and each of these locations provides with excellent luxury and excitement (Starwoodhotels.com 2018). The main reason of the success of this hotel chain is their excellent customer-oriented services. (Refer to appendix 4) Marriott international Hotels under Marriott international is widespread in more than 72 countries. The Marriott group is known to have 4000 hotels properties worldwide. Famous for their luxury and hospitality, this hotel have provides pocket friendly stay for the tourists. The number of hotel rooms under Marriott group is rising to the number 195000 (Connell 2016). This hotel chain is popular for its opulence and attracting hotels and resorts. (Refer to appendix 5) Hilton worldwide Formerly owned by Paris Hilton, this group of hotels have more than 4200 hotels across 90 countries (Worldwide 2014). This hotel group is one of the largest and luxurious hotel chains across the world. (Refer to appendix 6) Commercialization of hospitality At the present date, hospitality industry is considered as one of the most emerging industries of the world. This is because the tourism sector is witnessing great expansion from the past one decade. All these gave rise to commercial hospitality. Presently, the concept of hospitality is incorporated with number of innovations to create a customer centric market. Smart hotel rooms are a new trend of hospitality. The year 2017, have seen a rise of technology based hospitality (Law et al. 2013). Hotel companies have shown their presence in online platforms to catch the eye of the customers. Presence in the form of Google ads, you tube ads are common in the internet. Hotel companies like Airbnb serves as a platform to market new hotels. Other than that, the loyalty programs provided by the hotel authorities are also a part of their hospitality (Kurtz 2014). Loyalty programs includes discounts offers, hotel offers, which are provided online also collecting data of the customers by incorpo rating big data have also enabled the industry to gain more customers (Xiang et al. 2015). Apart from all these, advertisements in the form of Facebook posts, Instagram posts and snap chat videos are soaring in the internet these days. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the concept of offering a homely atmosphere by the hotel companies is a new trend of hospitality industry. Creating greenery beside the room, maintaining health and wellness of the guests, making the room technology proof, decorating rooms with respect to the guests choice are some of the measures that the hotels could undertake for enhancing the hospitality experience for the tourists. It is also observed that, the world famous hotel groups such as Marriott groups, Hilton groups, Airbnb provides excellent hospitality experience for their tourists by incorporating this concept of creating home away from home. Considering these points, it can be seen that how the present date have witnessed the commercialization of hospitality. It is observed that commercial hospitality is incorporating more and more technology. Lastly, it can be predicted if the present trends of the hospitality, industry continues then the day is not far when hospitality industry w ill be the leading industry in the market both in the terms of revenue and opportunities. Other than this, innovations in this field are openly welcomed. References Accorhotels.com. 2018.Book Hotel Online - Best Price Guarantee - AccorHotels.com. [online] Available at: https://www.accorhotels.com/gb/australia/index.shtml Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Crdenas-Garca, P.J., Snchez-Rivero, M. and Pulido-Fernndez, J.I., 2017. Does tourism growth influence economic development?.Journal of Travel Research,54(2), pp.206-221. Connell, L., 2016. Marriott's big dreams for its future.People Strategy,39(4), pp.59-61. Fourseasons.com. 2018.Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts | Luxury Hotels | Four Seasons. [online] Available at: https://www.fourseasons.com/ Kurtz, M., 2014. Airbnbs Inroads into the hotel industry. Law, R., Leung, D., Au, N. and Lee, H.A., 2013. Progress and development of information technology in the hospitality industry: Evidence from Cornell Hospitality Quarterly.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(1), pp.10-24. Li, H., Ye, Q. and Law, R., 2013. Determinants of customer satisfaction in the hotel industry: An application of online review analysis.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,18(7), pp.784-802. Mohammed, I., Guillet, B.D. and Law, R., 2015. The contributions of economics to hospitality literature: A content analysis of hospitality and tourism journals.International Journal of Hospitality Management,44, pp.99-110. Molina, J., 2014. Learn how to control every room at a luxury hotel remotely: The dangers of insecure home automation deployment.Black Hat USA,2014. Resort, T. 2018.The Rhino Residency Resort | Chitwan. [online] Rhino-residency.com. Available at: https://www.rhino-residency.com/ Salvioni, D., 2016. Hotel Chains and the Sharing Economy in Global Tourism. Smith, M. and Puczk, L., 2014.Health, tourism and hospitality: Spas, wellness and medical travel. Routledge. Starwoodhotels.com. 2018.Starwood Hotels Resorts | Book Hotels Online. [online] Available at: https://www.starwoodhotels.com/ Worldwide, H.H., 2014. Hilton Revolutionizes Hotel Experience with Digital Check-In, Room Selection and Customization, and Check-out Across 650,000-Plus Rooms at More Than 4,000 Properties Worldwide.Retrieved August,4, p.2014. Xiang, Z., Schwartz, Z., Gerdes Jr, J.H. and Uysal, M., 2015. What can big data and text analytics tell us about hotel guest experience and satisfaction?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,44, pp.120-130. Zervas, G., Proserpio, D. and Byers, J.W., 2017. The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry.Journal of Marketing Research,54(5), pp.687-705.

Scientific Management

Management has been a crucial human activity since time immemorial. Ever since human beings began forming social organizations with the aim of accomplishing particular objectives, management has been essential in ensuring the coordination of individual efforts.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Scientific Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a matter of fact, the society has constantly depended on group efforts, which have increased with time, raising the significance and complexity of managerial work. Several management approaches have come up with the aim of elucidating how supervision should be executed within organizations. This paper aims at critically analyzing scientific management, shedding light on its principles and characteristics while establishing its level of applicability and inappropriateness in modern management. Definitions of Scientific Management The phrase scientific manageme nt is coined from two words; scientific and management. The term ‘scientific’ refers to the logical investigative and objective approach whereas ‘management’ refers to the process of ensuring that duties are executed through others. According to Fredrick Winslow Taylor, scientific management refers to the art of establishing the best and most cost-effective approach of doing things within an organization. It involves deciding what to do and who to do a particular task and the most appropriate way to perform a given task within the organization. According to him, scientific management refers to the application of scientific practices to management which include; selection, staffing, training, posting the employees and the most cost-effective means of doing a particular task (SWATI, 2011). As Harlow Person puts it, scientific management typifies a form of arrangement and practice in a purposive and combined effort which is based on the codes or laws that are formulated via the method of scientific analysis, as opposed to using strategies which are formulated in an experimental and informal manner of trial and error method (SWATI, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jones argues that, scientific management refers to a set of clearly set regulations that are laid down by those in the managerial positions which should be applied to harmonize an organization in order to realize profound strictness for maximum productivity (SWATI, 2011). Lioyd, Dodd and zynch posits that, scientific management aims at getting the most out of the systems, employees and resources while influencing productivity with regards to positioning and planning of the employees towards the ultimate to achieve utmost productivity (SWATI, 2011). According to Peter F. Drucker, scientific management refers to a structured study of work within an organizat ion, the evaluation of the work in its basic form and the logical upgrading of the employees (SWATI, 2011). Precisely, scientific management, also known as Taylorism is a theory of management that applies the standards and practices of science in management (Hounshell, 1984). It evaluates and produces workflows with an aim of improving economic effectiveness, particularly on labor output. The theory was among the earliest approaches that applied science in the field of management. It was pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 1890s and was mostly applied in the manufacturing industries. Its influence hit the highest point around1910 after which an epoch of opposition and syncretism with conflicting or complementary thoughts cropped up (Beissinger, 1988). While scientific management as a distinctive theory had become out-dated by the 1940s, most of its aspects are still used within the industrial sector as well as managerial positions up to date. Such aspects include eval uation, synthesis, consistence, prudence, work values, competence, eliminating the unnecessary factors of production, consistency of exceptional practices, disregarding of egoistic customs and training of employees (Taylor, 1911).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Scientific Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his scientific management approach, Taylor held that the managers of his time depended so much on individual ingenuity of employees in order to attain utmost output. However, these expectations were hardly met (Taylor, 1911). In an attempt to prove that the employees’ productivity is often far much below their capabilities, he suggested that all managers should apply the four principles of scientific management which are as follows. Outline a ‘science’ in every aspect of an employee’s work, choose the employees in a scientific manner, train and build the employe es scientifically and enhance good-natured cooperation between the employees and the managers in order to facilitate effective execution of work (Beissinger, 1988). Principles of Scientific Management Science against Rule of Thumb According to F. Taylor, the rule of thumb was a practice that was commonly used before the coming of scientific management. According to him, the practice was supposed to be substituted with scientific knowledge within organizations. He argued that the practice of the rule of thumb laid more emphasis on sheer guesswork while scientific management entails strictness in formulating and performing all the aspects of a given task. According to this approach this can only be achieved through the application of meticulous scientific analysis. This involves precision in all the aspects of work such as consistency of work as well as different degrees of payment for a given level of work (Taylor, 1911). Harmony as Opposed to Discord Taylor maintained that, organiza tions should maintain harmony through collective action while discord should be avoided. Harmony ensures that the different groups of people within the organization work as a single unit leading to the accomplishment of an organization’s objectives. Harmony guarantees utmost understanding of all the stakeholders within an organization enhancing a mutual relationship amongst the members (Taylor, 1911).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Co-operation vs. Individualism The approach of scientific management necessitates that all the different sections of an organization should combine forces with the aim of increased productivity. As a matter of fact, scientific management is based on reciprocated confidence, teamwork and benevolence. In order to achieve this, the employees as well as the management need to undergo a complete transformation with regards to their mental outlook. Taylor maintained that suspicion and enmity should be replaced with mutual confidence and friendliness respectively (Taylor, 1911). Characteristics of Scientific Management Development of Individual Employees for Competence and Success For maximum productivity, extra effort should be put in order to enhance the employees’ competence. While recruiting new employees, emphasis should be laid on the type of work and the competence of the employee towards a particular task, after which scientific training follows. The managers should employ i ncentive wage plan when dealing with individual employees. A combination of these efforts ensures that the employees attain their highest potential which leads to utmost success to both the individual and the company (Taylor, 1911). Standardization of Tools and Equipments According to scientific management, it is crucial to produce standard products and services and also bring about uniformity in the production of high quality goods and services. In fact, standardization should be applied with regards to the cost of production, equipments, tools, materials, duration, conditions and quantity of work (Taylor, 1911). Scientific Selection and Training of Workers The approach of scientific management demands that choosing and training employees should be done in a scientific method. This should be done with respect to their academic background, their wellbeing, experience, talents, physical fitness as well as intelligence. Appropriate training should then be offered with the help of qual ified personnel with respect to their ability and type of work (Taylor, 1911). Experimentation and Scientific Investigation The achievement of scientific management relies heavily upon research and investigation. It entails logical study, surveillance research, experimentation and exploration. In a contemporary organization, the most preeminent and most effective methods of doing work can only be achieved through continuous testing and scientific research (Taylor, 1911). Incentive Wage System Taylor supported a wage system that was in form of differential piece wages. This system entailed two different wages where employees who attained a given target within a given time limit were paid their wages at a higher rate per unit while those who could not meet the right standards within a given time limit were paid their wages at a lower rate per unit. In other words, the incentive wage system entails a substantial disparity in wages between those who are able to achieve or outdo a given target within a given time and those who do not (Hartness, 1912). Efficient attain system The approach of scientific management involves caution in determining the total cost of production and also the cost at every level of production. It is based on a cost-effective economy. While implementing an organization’s objectives, any needless factors of production are done away with in an attempt to achieve maximum production within minimum cost. The approach ensures minimum wastage in all the factors of production (SWATI, 2011). Scientific Allotment of Task Scientific management ensures that any task is delegated to the best employee available, depending on one’s ability and professional qualification for the particular task. Indeed, no matter how well an individual is competent, it is extremely difficult to execute all the tasks proficiently. For this reason, managers should cautiously establish the best individual for every job and the best job for every individual. This is because one is able to execute a given job most proficiently as long as it matches his preference, ability and qualifications (Head, 2005). Effectiveness of Scientific Management in Business Running Scientific management can be termed as the most established approach of designing the tasks of employees. The principles of this approach are the foundation of modern industrial and organizational production methods in job planning. These techniques entail making work practices more proficient, establishing the most appropriate means of executing the jobs and aligning the work flows (Noble, 1984). In addition, several contemporary management terminologies such as quality circles, reengineering, and total quality management can be traced back to scientific management. Moreover, employee and manager training which is common in modern companies was also an indispensable aspect of the principles of scientific management (Aitken, 1985). As a matter of fact, modern management borrows a lot of concepts from scientific management. Such concepts include; the use of incentives for excellent performance, planning of jobs with the use of proficient work procedures, choosing of employees depending on their abilities to execute specific tasks, training of employees to improve efficiency in their work and training the managers in order to effectively supervise the workers ( Aitken,1985). However, its tremendous achievements, Taylor’s scientific management approach failed to solve all the challenges experienced by the managers while supervising the employees as they execute their day to day work. This can be attributed to the intrinsic flaws of scientific management (Drury, 1915). These flaws include the idea of breaking down work into its basic constituents to achieve the accomplishment of the tasks by the employees as evaluated by the managers as well as the flaw of isolating the planning of work from the execution. According to some critics, these only made the emplo yees to gain more experience and routine other than knowledge and appreciation. The approach of scientific management has also been criticized for the discrepancy of the workers needs (Drury, 1915). Such criticisms with regards to Taylor’s approach of scientific management led to the development of other alternatives. This included the modern theories of management such as performance management approach. These theories included job enrichment as well as job enlargement. Job enrichment incorporates accomplishment, development, and appreciation prospects in the job while Job enlargement merges numerous tasks into a single task providing variety (Mullins, 2004). In Conclusion it is clear that the principles of scientific management are still applied in modern management. The rise of modern management approaches, and the criticism may not have been directed upon the principles of scientific management, but on scientific management that cropped up in the modern management schools of thoughts. Research indicates that, contemporary industrial production, quality circles, reengineering schemes, and total quality management innovations depend on workflow knowledge and other practices that mirror the first principle of scientific management. On the other hand, the modern recruitment system employed by the human resource personnel as well as the selection criteria reflects the second principle of scientific management while training and development of the employees and the managers can be seen in the third principle. Furthermore, several modern organizations call for mutual cooperation between the employees and the managers, representing the fourth principle of scientific management. For this reason, Taylor is still regarded highly by various management experts to date (SWATI, 2011). Reference List Aitken, J. (1985). Scientific Management in Action: Taylorism at Watertown  Arsenal, Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. Beissinger, R. (1988).Scientific Management, Socialist Discipline, and  Soviet Power. London, UK: I.B. Tauris Co Ltd. Drury, B. (1915). Scientific Management: A History and Criticism, New York, NY, USA: Columbia University. Hartness, J. (1912).The human Factor in Works Management. London: McGraw-Hill. Head, S. (2005). The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the  Digital Ag,.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Hounshell, A. (1984). The Development of Manufacturing Technology in  The United States. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. Mullins, J. (2004). Management and Organizational Behavior. Financial Times–FT Press–Prentice-Hall–Pearson Education Ltd. Noble, F. (1984). Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial  Automation. New York, New York, USA: Knopf. SWATI, G. (2011). Meaning, Definition Characteristics and Features  Scientific Management. Web. Taylor, Frederick Winslow (1911).The Principles of Scientific Management. New York, NY, USA and Lo ndon, UK: Harper Brothers. This research paper on Scientific Management was written and submitted by user Nightmare to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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George Bush Essays - Bush Family, United States, Livingston Family

George Bush Essays - Bush Family, United States, Livingston Family George Bush George Bush Forty-First President 1989-1993 George Bush brought to the White House a dedication to traditional American values and a determination to direct them toward making the United States a kinder and gentler nation. In his Inaugural Address he pledged in a moment rich with promise to use American strength as a force for good. Coming from a family with a tradition of public service, George Herbert Walker Bush felt the responsibility to make his contribution both in time of war and in peace. Born in Milton, Massachusetts, on June 12, 1924, he became a student leader at Phillips Academy in Andover. On his 18th birthday he enlisted in the armed forces. The youngest pilot in the Navy when he received his wings, he flew 58 combat missions during World War II. On one mission over the Pacific as a torpedo bomber pilot he was shot down by Japanese antiaircraft fire and was rescued from the water by a U. S. submarine. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for bravery in action. Bush next turned his energies toward completing his education and raising a family. In January 1945 he married Barbara Pierce. They had six childrenGeorge, Robin (who died as a child), John (known as Jeb), Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy. At Yale University he excelled both in sports and in his studies; he was captain of the baseball team and a member of Phi Beta Kappa. After graduation Bush embarked on a career in the oil industry of West Texas. Like his father, Prescott Bush, who was elected a Senator from Connecticut in 1952, George became interested in public service and politics. He served two terms as a Representative to Congress from Texas. Twice he ran unsuccessfully for the Senate. Then he was appointed to a series of high-level positions: Ambassador to the United Nations, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, Chief of the U. S. Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1980 Bush campaigned for the Republican nomination for President. He lost, but was chosen as a running mate by Ronald Reagan. As Vice President, Bush had responsibility in several domestic areas, including Federal deregulation and anti-drug programs, and visited scores of foreign countries. In 1988 Bush won the Republican nomination for President and, with Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as his running mate, he defeated Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis in the general election. Bush faced a dramatically changing world, as the Cold War ended after 40 bitter years, the Communist empire broke up, and the Berlin Wall fell. The Soviet Union ceased to exist; and reformist President Mikhail Gor bachev, whom Bush had supported, resigned. While Bush hailed the march of democracy, he insisted on restraint in U. S. policy toward the group of new nations. In other areas of foreign policy, President Bush sent American troops into Panama to overthrow the corrupt regime of General Manuel Noriega, who was threatening the security of the canal and the Americans living there. Noriega was brought to the United States for trial as a drug trafficker. Bush's greatest test came when Iraqi President Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, then threatened to move into Saudi Arabia. Vowing to free Kuwait, Bush rallied the United Nations, the U. S. people, and Congress and sent 425,000 American troops. They were joined by 118,000 troops from allied nations. After weeks of air and missile bombardment, the 100-hour land battle dubbed Desert Storm routed Iraq's million-man army. Despite unprecedented popularity from this military and diplomatic triumph, Bush was unable to withstand discontent at home from a faltering economy, rising violence in inner cities, and continued high deficit spending. In 1992 he lost his bid for reelection to Democrat William Clinton. Bibliography None available

Society likes to put us into little boxes. Male, female, black, white, Essay

Society likes to put us into little boxes. Male, female, black, white, homosexual, heterosexualeverything exists as a binary opposition, with no room for the - Essay Example Using a broad explanation, binary opposition is often a hierarchical tool that is used to pit one social group against another. It is generally a pair of theoretical opposites (Wikipedia.org) that justifies human thought tendencies, such as heterosexual-homosexual opposition, which often allows one side to label the other using stereotypical guidelines. Whenever you have a binary opposition, one of the definitions is usually marked in a negative kind of way. In the case of the hetero-homosexual binarism, invariably homosexual is the one that is marked (Fairyington, 2004). Across the nation, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities are facing the challenge of advancing civil rights on the local and state levels (Otis, 2004), often finding small successes in legal battles while still plagued with societal binary opposition. For those individuals with a minority-based sexual identity, such as the homosexual, finding a middle ground within society poses more of a challenge. Sexuality research currently needs to reexamine critically its constructs of sexual orientation and identify for theoretical inconsistencies and simplistic assumptions about the nature of sexual desire continue to plague it (Paul, 1985). To highlight this statement, the "simplistic assumptions" are often driven by societys lack of education or exposure to the homosexual group and become markedly opposed to them based on conformity issues (peer to peer), misconstrued religious connotations, or falling victim to long-running, historical prejudices based on speculation rather than facts. Sexual identity is defined as an organized set of perceptions that an individual maintains about the meaning of their sexual attractions and desires, directed toward forming a sense of self within existing social categories (Frankel, 2004). With this in mind, recognizing